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Speech Acts in Videogames
Šurýn, David ; Zmrzlá, Petra (referee) ; Sučková, Magda (advisor)
This bachelor thesis introduces a new approach of classifying interactions in video games based on the interaction between addressor and addressee and includes an analysis and comparison of speech acts in video games Life Is Strange and Call of Duty. This classification can be used to aid the process of analysis of speech acts in other video games and also assist game developers in the process of creating in-game interactions. To create such classification, the relation between the player and an interactable in-game element had to be prioritised. Then, the main classes of interactions in video games are introduced with each class containing specific types of speech acts. The analysis of speech acts in Life Is Strange and Call of Duty serves as an example of how this classification can be used and also shows many examples of how the game conveys information to the player. The list of interactions in this paper is not complete, but includes the most common and universal ones.
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Realisation of Selected Speech Acts by Foreign Learners of Czech
Genova, Julie ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hirschová, Milada (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to conduct a pragmatic analysis of speech acts as salutation, request, apology, offer and farewell in a written correspondence. The accent is primarily on expressions of politeness in each speech act. The analysis is researched in beginner students of the Czech language in a questionnaire before a lesson, in a written assignment after the lesson and then in the same assignment written by native speakers. The aim is to discover a proper way to teach the expression of the given speech acts as part of Czech for foreigners. The questionnaire filled before the lesson was compared with the assignment written after the lesson. Implementing the comparison, it is defined to what extent had the students improved their pragmatic competence in written correspondence. The same work was assigned to native Czech speakers and the expressions used in the lesson are evaluated based on their results compared with the results of non-native speakers. Through the research we concluded that the difference between the results before and after the lesson are striking. Uninstructed students have frequently expressed unintentionally less politely than it is customary to Czech language, sometimes even impolitely and these errors were predominantly eliminated in the written assignment. The...
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Functions of professional scientific discourse
Kis, Mátyás András ; Baumgartnerová, Alena (referee) ; Krhutová, Milena (advisor)
Teoretická část této práce se komplexně zabývá různými aspekty analýzy diskurzu, zahrnujícími definice diskurzu, metodologie analýzy, situované významy, kohezi, koherenci a rozdíly mezi mluveným a psaným jazykem. Práce zdůrazňuje složitou povahu jazyka a zdůrazňuje, že efektivní komunikace přesahuje pouhou gramatickou přesnost. Zahrnuje porozumění kontextu, uplatňování pragmatických strategií a obratné používání různých řečových aktů k dosažení přesných komunikačních cílů. Práce dále zkoumá pojem řečových aktů, jejich rozmanité typy a jejich mnohostranné funkce v rámci různých jazykových stylů, zejména v oblasti vědy a techniky a populárně naučného stylu. V následujícím segmentu práce se studie hlouběji zabývá konkrétními řečovými akty, které se běžně vyskytují v oblasti angličtiny v elektrotechnice. Jedná se o tyto řečové akty: explikace, exemplifikace, hodnocení, argumentace, definování, vyvození závěru a kritika. Co se týče praktické části práce, analyzuje příklady technických a humanitních textů, které odpovídají různým řečovým aktům, jež byly zkoumány v teoretické části.
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Functions of professional scientific discourse
Kis, Mátyás András ; Baumgartnerová, Alena (referee) ; Krhutová, Milena (advisor)
Tato práce zkoumá parametry odborného diskurzu v oblasti informačních technologií. Jejím cílem je prozkoumat jazykové rysy a funkce diskurzu v odborných a populárně naučných textech a porovnat je a konfrontovat. Zkoumané materiály zahrnují technické a populárně naučné texty na témata, jako jsou počítačové sítě, algoritmy, enzymy a operační systémy. Mezi očekávané výsledky studie patří hlubší pochopení rozdílů a podobností mezi technickými a populárně-vědeckými texty z hlediska jejich jazykových rysů a funkcí diskurzu, jakož i vhled do odborného kontextu, v němž jsou tyto texty vytvářeny a konzumovány. Vnesením světla do charakteristických rysů odborného diskurzu v oblasti informačních technologií chce tato studie přispět k rozvoji efektivních komunikačních postupů v této důležité a rychle se rozvíjející oblasti. Prostřednictvím komplexního přehledu relevantní literatury tato práce ukazuje, že odborný diskurz ve vědě a technologiích plní řadu funkcí, včetně předávání technických informací, přesvědčování ostatních o vědeckých argumentech a podpory spolupráce a inovací v rámci vědeckých komunit. Jazykové rysy a jazykové strategie používané v tomto diskurzu pomáhají dosahovat těchto funkcí tím, že poskytují přesný, odborný jazyk, který je často nepřístupný neodborníkům, ale má zásadní význam pro přesné sdělování složitých vědeckých pojmů. Řečové akty používané v odborném diskurzu v oblasti vědy a techniky se liší v závislosti na zamýšleném publiku a účelu, přičemž obzvláště důležité jsou komunikační akty, jako je informování, vysvětlování a přesvědčování. Závěrem práce ukazuje, jak pragmatické kontexty, jako jsou sociální a kulturní faktory, mohou významně ovlivnit produkci a interpretaci odborného diskurzu ve vědě a technice. Celkově si tato práce klade za cíl prohloubit naše porozumění odbornému diskurzu ve vědě a technice a jeho zásadní roli při rozvoji vědeckého poznání a inovací.
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Evaluation of the speech act's felicity and infelicity
Šišmová, Anna ; Jančík, Jiří (advisor) ; Suková Vychopňová, Kateřina (referee)
This master thesis, entitled Evaluating the Felicity and Infelicity of Speech Acts, focuses on the analysis of illocutionary speech acts based on the linguistic works of authors John Langshaw Austin and John Rogers Searle. Both of these authors introduced five types of illocutionary speech acts, and each of them also constructed the felicity conditions by which a speech act achieves its intention. If this happens, the speech act can be described as felicitous. Furthermore, the thesis deals with situations in which irony, sarcasm or humour is used in communication. Since these are not situations on which the above-mentioned authors focus their attention, we have tried to propose a reformulation of the felicity conditions using John Rogers Searle's model. The aim of this paper is both the analysis of specific types of speech acts and the analysis of acts containing irony and other mentioned phenomena. KEYWORDS speech acts, felicity and infelicity of speech acts, truth conditions, pragmatics, John Langshaw Austin, John Rogers Searle
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Gender and LGBTQI+ Politics in the 2020 Belarusian Movement
Andrychuk, Gabrielle ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kazharski, Aliaksei (referee)
Throughout the summer of 2020, Belarus received extensive international media coverage of its non-violent demonstrations arising in response to the disputed re-election of Alexander Lukashenka and the violent crackdown against protestors. This period of civil unrest was marked by demonstrations attended by a broad cross-section of citizens, many waving nationalist red and white flags. Rainbow flags, symbolic of the LGBTQI+ community, were also featured in the protests. This piece examines gender and LGBTQI+ politics in the context of the Belarusian 2020 non-violent movement. A feminist framework is applied to examine how essentialist gender binaries, hegemonic masculinity, and violence are propagated by the Lukashenka regime to negatively impact women's political participation and legitimize violence directed against LGBTQI+ people in Belarus to maintain control. In problematizing anti-LGBTQI+ rhetorics in Belarus it will be shown how political discourses are disseminated through hegemonic masculinity and have been employed to maintain a patriarchal and heteronormative status quo in Belarus. The research highlights the diverse ways that LGBTQI+ people have participated in the movement and addresses the violence that has been legitimized against LGBTQI+ at the protests and in detention.
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Speech Acts in Videogames
Šurýn, David ; Zmrzlá, Petra (referee) ; Sučková, Magda (advisor)
This bachelor thesis introduces a new approach of classifying interactions in video games based on the interaction between addressor and addressee and includes an analysis and comparison of speech acts in video games Life Is Strange and Call of Duty. This classification can be used to aid the process of analysis of speech acts in other video games and also assist game developers in the process of creating in-game interactions. To create such classification, the relation between the player and an interactable in-game element had to be prioritised. Then, the main classes of interactions in video games are introduced with each class containing specific types of speech acts. The analysis of speech acts in Life Is Strange and Call of Duty serves as an example of how this classification can be used and also shows many examples of how the game conveys information to the player. The list of interactions in this paper is not complete, but includes the most common and universal ones.
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Analysis of Crisis Communication in Retail Chains
Pralovszká, Sára ; Ivan, Michal (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on an analysis of crisis communication in food retail chains, using pragmatic linguistic methods. In the theoretical part I deal with speech acts theory from the viewpoint of John L. Austin and Emile Benveniste, Grice's Cooperative Principles and the Theory of Argumentation. I use all these methods in analyzing press releases published by retail chains in the case of a negative food affair. I am therefore interested in the way those linguistic tools are used by the authors in the press releases in order to communicate most effectively in a time of crisis, so as to prevent the loss of either costumers or the good name of the company. I will also focus on the most frequent mistakes made by the authors of press releases. The aim of my thesis is to find out whether it is possible to find some repetitive mechanisms used in the communication of different crisis topics. The main hypothesis is that although there are different crisis situations which need to be communicated, communication methods used in individual press releases are similar and they often recur. Key words: pragmatics, speech acts, cooperative principles, argumentation, crisis communication, food affair, press release.
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(De)politicisation in Direct Democracy: Case Study of Local Referendum in the Czech Republic
Drobil, Ondřej ; Dvořák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Škvrňák, Michael (referee)
DROBIL, Ondřej. (De)politizace v přímé demokracii: Případová studie místního referenda v ČR. Praha, 2021. 61 s. Bakalářská práce (Bc). Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut sociologických studií, Katedra sociologie. Vedoucí diplomové práce Mgr. Tomáš Dvořák, Ph.D. Abstract This interdisciplinary thesis deals with the processes of politicisation and depoliticisation in direct democracy. It aims to shed light on how (de)politicisation manifests itself at the level of the referendum actors' utterances and how actors use these strategies during the referendum to reproduce or change the existing ordering of the political space. The research is based on the concept of (de)politicisation as a form of political action and the premise that by the use of language as an instrument of symbolic power, one can shape the social reality. Based on the analysis of statements made by actors of a referendum held in Pilsen in 2013 and by applying critical discourse analysis approach, the following findings were made: At the level of language use, (de)politicisation occurs firstly in the sense of a shift between spheres of action or their hierarchization, through the use of a specific syntactic and semantic sentence structure, and secondly in the sense of forming of necessity or action contingency, through the use...
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Role and Use of Speech Acts in the Dialogues of the Novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
Pellar, Jan ; Pípalová, Renata (advisor) ; Richterová, Jana (referee)
This work from the field of pragmatics introduces the application of the concept of speech acts (see J. L. Austin, J. Searle) to the literary sample of 15 chosen dialogues i.e. 1122 sentences from the novel Pride and Prejudice by the classical English author Jane Austen. It introduces an eight-member modified classification of speech acts: representatives, assertives, directives, connissives, expressives, interrogatives, requestives and daclarations. There are eight literary characters included in the research together with marginally Charlotte Lucas, who use speech acts to express their communicative intentions. The main heroine Elizabeth occurring in 12 dialogues uses mostly representatives, assertives and expressives. The remaining three dialogues involve Mrs Bennet and her husband Mr Bennet. Jane Austen's language is very rich and complex, with frequent occurrence of politeness turns of phrase. Some mixed and multiple categories also add to this complexity (there are 55.8% of simple ones; 39.1% of double, 4.6% of triple, quadruple only 0.5 % of the 969 sentences counted). This work also contains some comments on stylistic analysis featuring selected interesting literary and pragmatic aspects of the dialogical samples.
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